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24. Nicolini, “History of Muscat and Zanzibar.”25. Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 867.26. Crouzet, “British Empire in India,” 864.27. Abdullah, Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder, 1-10.28. Captain Francis Loch, quoted in Belgrave, Pirate Coast, 56.29. Woodbridge, “Cessation of Plunder and Piracy.”30. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/606.31. Peszko, “Important Work.”

32. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 263.

33. J. Peterson, “Britain and the Gulf.”34. Barakat, Bedouin Bureaucrats.

35. Al-Sabah, Mubarak al-Sabah.

36. Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 273.37. Anscombe, “Ottoman Role in the Gulf,” 272.38. 瓦哈比派历来自称“认主独一者”（Unitarians），昭示其恪守真主绝对独一的跟本信条。

39. Al-Rasheed, History of Saudi Arabia, 13-35.40. Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500.

41. Curzon, Lord Curzon in India, 500-501.42. Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, 218.43. Tacitus, Agricola, 30. [domain]. Accessed, March, 2024.44. British Library, “Treaties and Engagements.”45. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

46. 各类议会委员会和调查集中研究了海湾地区、阿拉伯地区和印度洋地区的怒隶制问题，留下了大量的信件和官方记录。这些资料被整理成了九卷本的《阿拉伯怒隶贸易》（Slave Trade into Arabia），由伯德特（Burdett）主编。

47. Wilson, Persian Gulf, 224.

48. Rosenthal, Pearl Hunter, 6.

49. Hightower, “Pearls.”

50. Bishara et al., “Economic Transformation of the Gulf,” 191.51. Palgrave, Narrative of a Year’s Journey, 232.52. Carter, “Pearling in the Persian Gulf,” 199.53. Hopper, Slaves of One Master, 51-80.54. 例如，见Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v.Bahr.), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1994 I.C.J. Rep. 112 (July 1);Jurisdiction and Admissibility, 1995 I.C.J. Rep. 6 (Feb. 15); Judgment, 2001 I.C.J. Rep. 40 (Mar. 16)。

55. Bishara et al. “, Economic Transformation of the Gulf,” 194.56. Holes, “Language, Culture and Identity,” 274.57. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/664.58. British Library: India Ofce Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/416.59. 那辨是“每年仅25万英镑”(Davidson, Dubai, 31)。

60. Jackson, Persian Gulf Command, 1-44.61. Woodward, “Bahrain’s Economy.”

62. J. Peterson, “Britain and the Gulf.”63. Zahlan, Modern Gulf States, 27.

64. Bradshaw, End of Empire, 35-69.

65. Langton, “British Diplomat.”

66. Morton, Buraimi, chap. 14.

67. Times News Service, “Oman’s New Private Museum.”68. Takriti, “1970 Coup in Oman,” 157.

69. Tesiger, Arabian Sands, 276.

第六章迪拜

1. Hvidt, “Emergence and Spread,” 207.

2. Kanna, Dubai.

3. David Sanger, “Under Pressure.”